Urea is commonly available in different grades based on its application and purity.
The main urea grades include:
- Granular Urea: This is a widely used form of urea in agriculture. It consists of small, solid granules that can be easily broadcast or applied in rows. Granular urea is well-suited for use as a fertilizer in various crops.
- Prilled Urea: Prills are spherical, small beads of urea. Prilled carbamide is another common form used in agriculture. The spherical shape allows for easy spreading and application.
- Industrial Grade Urea: Urea with lower purity, often used in industrial applications such as the production of resins, adhesives, and certain chemicals. Industrial-grade urea may not meet the strict purity standards required for agricultural use.
- Feed Grade Urea: This grade is used as a protein supplement in livestock feed. It provides a source of supplemental nitrogen for ruminant animals and helps improve the protein content of the diet.
- Technical Grade Urea: Urea with specifications suitable for various technical applications, including its use in the production of plastics, adhesives, and other industrial processes.
- Automotive Urea (Diesel Exhaust Fluid – DEF): Urea is used in the automotive industry as a key component of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), also known as AdBlue. DEF is used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from diesel engines.
Each grade of urea is tailored for specific applications, and the choice of grade depends on factors such as intended use, purity requirements, and industry standards. The agricultural grades, granular and prilled urea, are the most common types used for fertilization purposes.
UREA FERTILIZER 46 % GRANULAR
Granule fertilizer is usually harder than prill. The size of Granule is between 2 up to 4 mm but Prill is between 1 up to 2/4 mm. The physical structure of urea fertilizer is the key factor to its mechanical and physical properties such as flow ability and avoidance of caking, while thermal and chemical properties are unlikely to be affected. The results confirm that both prilled and granulated carbamide are of a very similar composition and thermal characteristics (melting point). The only key difference between them is the internal structure of granules which is the fundamental key to their mechanical properties. The strength measurement show granulated carbamide have a higher strength as their prominent size and internal structure, while prills performed weaker strength having the small size.
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BENEFITS OF UREA FERTILIZER
- Urea helps reduce transportation costs more than other dried forms of nitrogen due to its high nitrogen content and high decomposition. Generally, it produces more urea at a lower cost.
- Urea improves crop yield compared to other forms of nitrogen fertilizer.
- Urea reduces the production of environmental pollutants.
- Urea, unlike nitrate, has no fire or explosion properties and storage is easy.
- Note that urea should not be stored with ammonium nitrate because these substances rapidly absorb water when in contact.
- The oil can be used as a solid or soluble fertilizer or as a spray
- Urea can be combined with any other urea in any way.
In irrigation crops, urea can be added to the soil dry or can be solubilized through irrigation water. The carbamide is easily soluble in water by its own weight, but if its concentration is increased It is becoming increasingly difficult to dissolve in water. The process of dissolving carbamide in water is an endometrial process that causes the soluble temperature to drop when the carbamide is dissolved.
As a practical guide, which is actually a simple and convenient method of carbamide fertilization (carbamide infusion in irrigation paths), it can be recommended that more than 30kg of urea be dissolved in 100 liters of water. In the case of horticultural products, leaf sprays can be used to disperse urea at a concentration of %0.2 to %0.5. In this case, carbamide with a lower biuret content is often used.
WHAT IS UREA 46 % PRILLED ?
Prilled urea refers to urea that has been processed into small, spherical beads or pellets. These beads are known as prills. The prilling process involves spraying molten urea into a tower or chamber, allowing it to solidify into small, round particles as it falls. The resulting prills are then cooled and screened to achieve the desired size distribution.
Prilled urea is a popular form of urea used in agriculture as a fertilizer. The spherical shape of the prills makes them easy to handle and spread, whether through broadcasting or in row applications. The uniform size and shape of prilled carbamide contribute to consistent spreading and distribution in the field.
Key features and uses of prilled urea include:
- Fertilizer Application: Prilled urea is a common nitrogen fertilizer used to provide crops with a readily available source of nitrogen. It is widely used in various crops and agricultural systems.
- Ease of Handling: The small, round prills are easy to handle, transport, and apply using conventional fertilizer spreaders.
- Uniformity: The uniform size and shape of prills contribute to even distribution when applied to the soil, promoting consistent nutrient availability to plants.
- Versatility: Prilled urea can be used in a variety of soil types and climates, making it a versatile nitrogen fertilizer.
- Storage Stability: Prilled urea has good storage stability, and it can be stored for longer periods without significant degradation if stored under proper conditions.
Overall, prilled urea is a widely used and efficient nitrogen fertilizer in agriculture, contributing to increased crop yields and improved plant growth.
WHAT IS TECHNICAL PRILLED UREA?
Technical prilled carbamide refers to a specific grade of prilled carbamide that is intended for non-agricultural or industrial uses rather than as a fertilizer for plant nutrition. Unlike agricultural-grade prilled carbamide, which is primarily designed for use in crop production, technical prilled urea serves various industrial applications. Here are some key points about technical prilled urea:
- Industrial Applications: Technical prilled carbamide is used in a range of industrial processes. It serves as a source of nitrogen for applications beyond agriculture.
- Chemical Industry: It can be utilized as a raw material or feedstock in the production of various chemicals. carbamide itself is a versatile compound with applications in the synthesis of resins, adhesives, and other chemical products.
- Non-fertilizer Uses: Unlike agricultural carbamide, technical prilled carbamide is not intended for use as a fertilizer in the context of promoting plant growth. Instead, it is directed toward applications where nitrogen is required for industrial processes.
- Manufacturing Process: The production of technical prilled carbamide involves the prilling process, where molten carbamide is formed into small, spherical beads. This process results in the creation of prills that are easy to handle and store.
- Specifications: The specifications for technical prilled carbamide may differ from those of agricultural carbamide, as the intended applications and industrial requirements can vary. It is essential for users to be aware of the specific properties and quality standards associated with technical-grade carbamide for their particular industrial needs.
In summary, technical prilled carbamide is a specialized grade of urea tailored for non-fertilizer industrial applications, and it finds use in various sectors such as the chemical industry, manufacturing, and other industrial processes that require a nitrogen source.
AGRICULTURE GRADE OF UREA
Urea is the most important and widely used fertilizer that is used as a nitrogen source for agricultural products to increase soil productivity and fertility. More than 90% of the world’s carbamide production is for use as nitrogen fertilizers. In general applications, carbamide has the highest nitrogen content (% 46/7) among all solid nitrogen fertilizers. Accordingly, carbamide generates the lowest transportation costs per unit of nitrogen supply. carbamide typically ranges between 40 and 300 kg /Ha spreads. According to the importance of human food consumption, the role of carbamide in the process of food production is a matter of concern. Most of the carbamide produced in the world is solid, in the form of pearls, granules, and crystals. Nitrogenous fertilizers comprise about 60% of the world’s total fertilizer use, and unlike other fertilizers, farmers have demand for nitrogen again because the soil cannot retain nitrogen for long. Demand for these products will increase linearly as global demand for food products increases.
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
Urea raw material is important for the production of many chemical compounds, such as:
- All kinds of plastics, especially carbamide formaldehyde resins.
- Types of adhesives, such as urea-formaldehyde and urea-melamine-formaldehyde, used in the manufacture of plywood for water.
- Potassium cyanate, as a raw material for some industries.
- Nitrate urea is a type of explosive.
AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS
Urea is used in (SNCR) and (SCR) reactions to reduce (NO3) emissions that are present in combustion gases. For blotch systems, water-soluble urea is injected into the vehicle exhaust system. The ammonia from the carbamide decomposition process is reacted with the output nitrogen oxide and converted to nitrogen and water by a catalytic converter.
THE BIGGEST PERFORMER IN UREA INDUSTRY
The most important urea players in the world – including the largest exporters and importers and producers are China, India, Iran, the United States and Russia, which affect the economic and agricultural developments of these countries.
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF GRANULAR UREA
PROPERTY | UNIT | TEST METHOD | SPECIFICATION |
Nitrogen content | wt% | ISO-5315 | 46 Min. |
Moisture | wt% | ISO-2753 | 0.5 Max. |
Biuret | wt% | ISO-2754 | 1 Max. |
Particle size (2.0-4.0 mm) | wt% | ISO-8397 | 90 Min. |
Formaldehyde | wt% | BS 6806-1 | 0.55 Max. |