Ethylene Glycol
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
Ethylene glycol is also known as glycol, 1,2-ethylene glycol, or EG for short. The chemical formula is (CH2OH)2, which is the simplest diol. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet liquid with low toxicity to animals. Ethylene glycol is miscible with water and acetone, but its solubility in ethers is small. Used as solvent, antifreeze and raw material for synthetic polyester. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a high polymer of ethylene glycol, is a phase transfer catalyst and is also used in cell fusion. Ethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, sweet liquid with low toxicity to animals. Ethylene glycol can interdissolve with water and acetone, but it has less solubility in ethers. Used as a solvent, antifreeze, and a raw material for synthetic polyester. High glycol polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a phase transfer catalyst also used for cell fusion; its nitrate is an explosive.
APPLICATION OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL
It is mainly used for making polyester, polyester, polyester resin, hygroscopic agent, hygroscopic agent, plasticizer, surfactant, synthetic fiber, cosmetics and explosives, and used as dyes, ink and other solvents, preparation of engine antifreeze, gas dewatering agent, manufacturing resin, can also be used in cellophane, fiber, leather, adhesive wetting agent. Can produce synthetic resin PET, fiber grade PET, namely polyester fiber, bottle sheet grade PET is used for making mineral water bottles, etc. Also can produce alkyd resin, glyoxal, and so on, but also used as antifreeze. In addition to being used as an antifreeze agent for automobiles, it is also used for the transportation of industrial cooling capacity, generally known as the carrier cooling agent, and at the same time, it can also be used as water as a condensate agent.
Ethylene glycol methyl ether series products are advanced organic solvents with excellent performance, used as solvent and thinner for printing ink, industrial cleaning agent, paint (nitrofiber paint, varnish, porcelain paint), copper coating plate, printing and dyeing; can be used as raw materials for chemical products such as pesticide intermediates, pharmaceutical intermediates and synthetic brake fluid; as electrolyte for electrolytic capacitor, leather chemical fiber dye, etc. It is used as textile additives, synthetic liquid dyes, as well as fertilizer and desulfurizer in oil refining production.
Ethylene glycol should be noted when used as a load cooling agent:
1. The freezing point changes with the concentration of ethylene glycol in aqueous solution. When the concentration is below 60%, the concentration of EG in aqueous solution increases and the freezing point decreases, but after the concentration exceeds 60%, with the increase of EG concentration, the freezing point is rising, and the viscosity will also increase with the increase of the concentration. When the concentration reaches 99.9%, its freezing point rises to-13.2℃, which is an important reason why the concentrated antifreeze liquid (antifreeze mother liquor) cannot be directly used, and must attract the attention of users.
2. Ethylene glycol contains hydroxyl group, working at 80 degrees Celsius-90℃ for a long time, EG is first oxidized to glycolic acid, and then oxidized to oxalic acid, that is, acetic acid acid (oxalic acid), contains two carboxyl groups. Oxalic acid and its side products first affect the central nervous system, then the heart, and then the kidneys. EG diacetic acid, causing corrosion to the equipment and leakage. Therefore, in the prepared antifreeze liquid, there must also be preservatives, to prevent the corrosion of steel and aluminum and scale generation.
ETHYLENE GLYCOL USAGE
- Antifreeze and Coolant: One of the most widespread applications of ethylene glycol is as an antifreeze agent in automotive cooling systems. It lowers the freezing point of water, preventing it from turning into ice in cold temperatures and also serves as a coolant to regulate engine temperature.
- Heat Transfer Fluids: Ethylene glycol is used as a heat transfer fluid in various industrial processes, such as heating and cooling systems. It efficiently transfers heat and helps in maintaining stable temperatures in different applications.
- Hydraulic Fluids: Due to its excellent thermal stability and low viscosity, ethylene glycol is employed as a hydraulic fluid in hydraulic systems. It ensures smooth operation and helps prevent overheating.
- Deicing Solutions: Ethylene glycol is used in deicing solutions for aircraft, runways, and roads. It lowers the freezing point of water, preventing the formation of ice and facilitating easier snow and ice removal.
- Plastics Industry: Ethylene glycol is a key ingredient in the production of polyester resins, which are widely used in the manufacturing of plastic bottles, fibers, films, and other plastic products.
- Textile Industry: In the textile industry, ethylene glycol is utilized in the production of polyester fibers. Polyester is a common material in textiles, used for making clothing, upholstery, and other fabric-based products.
- Personal Care Products: Ethylene glycol is sometimes used in the formulation of personal care products, such as lotions and creams, as a humectant to retain moisture.
- Natural Gas Dehydration: It is employed in the natural gas industry for the dehydration of natural gas, helping to remove water content and prevent pipeline corrosion.
- Chemical Intermediates: Ethylene glycol serves as a precursor or intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and compounds used in different industrial processes.
- Solvent: In some applications, ethylene glycol is used as a solvent for dyes and chemicals.
It’s important to note that while ethylene glycol has many industrial uses, it should be handled with care due to its toxicity, and proper safety measures should be observed.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
- Steam pressure: 0.06 mmHg (20℃)
- Viscosity: 25.66 mPa.s (16℃)
- Heat of combustion: 1180.26 kJ / mol
- Spontaneous combustion point: 418℃
- critical temperatures:372℃
- Critical pressure: 7,699 kPa
- Critical molar volume: 186C3 / mol
- Eccentricity factor: 0.27
- Surface tension: 46.49 m N/m (20℃)’
- Solubility: miscible with water / ethanol / acetone / pyridine acetate, slightly soluble in ether, insoluble in petroleum hydrocarbons and oils, can dissolve calcium chloride / zinc chloride / sodium chloride / potassium carbonate / potassium chloride / potassium iodide / potassium hydroxide and other inorganic substances.
- At 25 degrees C, the dielectric constant is 37.
- It is easy to absorb moisture at high concentration.
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
Because of the low molecular weight, active nature, it can be esterification, etherification, alcoholization, oxidation, acetal, dehydration and other reactions. Similar to ethanol, it can mainly react with inorganic or organic acids to produce esters. Generally, only one hydroxyl group reacts first. After increasing the temperature and increasing the amount of acid, both hydroxyl groups can form esters. If reacted with the nitric acid mixed with sulfuric acid, the dinitrate is formed. Acyl chloride or anhydride readily causes two hydroxyl groups to form esters. When ethylene glycol is heated under the action of catalyst (manganese dioxide, alumina, zinc oxide, or sulfuric acid), intra-molecular or intermolecular water loss may occur. Ethylene glycol can interact with alkali metals or alkali soil metals to form alcohol salts. When the metal is usually dissolved in the diol, only a single alcohol salt; if the alcohol salt (such as ethylene glycol monosodium) is heated in the hydrogen flow to 180~200 C, ethylene glycol disodium and EG can be formed. In addition, use ethylene glycol with 2mol sodium methanol to obtain ethylene glycol diodium. Didium glycol reacts with halogenanes to produce EG monoether or double ether. Disodium EG reacts with 1,2-dibromoethane to form a dioxygen ring. In addition, EG is also easy to oxidation, with the different oxidant or reaction conditions used, can produce various products, such as glycolaldehyde HOCH2CHO, glyoxal OHCCHO, glycolic acid HOCH2COOH, oxalate HOOCCOOH and carbon dioxide and water. EG, unlike other diols, can undergo carbon chain breakage upon periodate oxidation. Ethylene glycol is often used instead of glycerol. In the tanning and pharmaceutical industries, used as hydration and solvents, respectively. Dinitrate, a derivative of EG, is an explosive. Single ether or single ether of EG are good solvents, such as HOCH2CH2OCH3, a fiber-soluble fibers, resins, paints, and many other organic matter. Ethylene glycol has a strong dissolution capacity, but it is easy to metabolism and oxidation to produce toxic oxalic acid, so it cannot be widely used as a solvent.
PACKING STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION
Package in galvanized iron barrels, 100 Kg or 200 Kg per barrel. Storage should be sealed, long-term storage to nitrogen sealing, moisture-proof, fireproof, anti-freezing. Storage and transport according to flammable chemicals.
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