General Information of Base Oil

Base oils are refined base stocks recommended for use in the manufacture of automotive & industrial lubricants, oil & greases, rubber products, white & paraffin oil, and so on. Base oils are refined from crudes with characteristics making them the most desirable for our customers. Base oils are more polar in nature than Paraffinic oils and hence they have good cooling properties and excellent low-temperature properties. They also have better solubility and ability to form stable emulsions. This oil has no impurities or compounds that can have an adverse effect on the quality of the oil. Suha Co. offers base oils in various viscosity ranges including SN 150, SN 350, SN 500, and SN650.

Solvent Neutral Mineral base oils are prepared from crude oil derivatives according to the following processes:

• Distillation, to adjust the viscosity and flash point.
• Refining, to improve viscosity-temperature characteristics e.g., viscosity index
• (Solvent extraction with furfural).
• Dewaxing, to improve the low-temperature properties (M.E.K dewaxing).
• Hydro finishing, to remove undesirable impurities from petroleum distillates
• (Such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds and olefins).

Base Stocks, obtained after the above-listed operations are called Solvent Neutral Base Oil ( SN) which are distinguished with numbers according to their approximate SUS viscosity at 40°c such as SN 90, SN150, SN350, SN500, etc.
In the Suha Co. modernized refinery plant, we use Lube-cut obtained from domestic petroleum oil refineries, to produce virgin mineral base oil
Group I. High-quality low oil paraffin waxes are also produced by the “sweating process” which is in compliance with environmental health care.

Suha Co. SN is highly refined paraffinic oils that are processed to meet high saturation and low sulfur concentration. These products have good solubility characteristics for additives in product formulations.

Base oil is found in all lubricants. A typical lubricant consists of 90% essential oil and 10% additives, but this is not always the case. The saturated, sulfur, and viscosity index characterize base oils by the American Petroleum Institute (API).

Different Types of Base oil

• Paraffinic Base Oils
• Naphthenic Base Oils
• Synthetic Base Oils

Paraffinic Base Oils (Often referred to as Group I or II): Base Stocks produced using solvent refined & advanced hydrocracking processes. Some of the further developed oils also involve a catalytic de-waxing process to produce a more pure product. The aromatic content of these oils varies by the refining process used. Suha Co. supplies a variety of highly refined oils that are ideal for a variety of process applications.

Naphthenic Base Oils: Refined from sweet crude oil distillates. Naphthenic base oils have a very low aromatic content and low paraffin (Wax) content. These characteristics allow for a low pour point on lighter viscosities and a high degree of solvency where heavier viscosities are required.

Synthetic Base Oils (Often referred to as Group III, IV &V): Base Stocks that involve a chemically modified base which can be of a petroleum or chemical origin. Group III – Base Oils that have been converted by means of a catalytic process in the presence of Hydrogen, usually under greater pressures. These resulting Base Oils are very pure and refined with superior performance to Group I and II Base Stocks. PAO (Polyalphaolefin) (Group IV) – *for more information, please see our “PAO” page. Synthetic Esters (Group V) – Derived from diesters, polyesters, alkylated naphthalene, alkylated benzenes, etc.) Bio-Based Oils (Group V / unclassified) – Derived from renewable resources that are readily biodegradable. Some of these renewable sources include Sugar, Algae Succinct Acid.

The Changing Use of Base Oils

A recent study on the use of base oils in today’s plants in comparison to a little more than a decade ago found a dramatic change has occurred. Present-day Group II base oils are the most commonly used base oils in plants, making up 47 percent of the capacity of plants in which the study was conducted.

This compared to 21 percent for both Group II and III base oils just a decade ago. Currently, Group III accounts for less than 1 percent of the capacity in plants. Group I base oils previously made-up 56 percent of the capacity, compared to 28 percent of the capacity in today’s plants.

Remember, whichever base oil you choose, just be sure it is appropriate for the application, temperature range and conditions in your plant.

Virgin Oil

Virgin oil is the most common type of oil used in lubrication products today and sets the standard for oil quality. Virgin oil is a crude oil that’s gone through the refining process but hasn’t been used yet. Once you use it in your machines, it’s downgraded to used oil.

Level of Saturation

It is typical to find a saturated molecule in the base oil. Saturates are found naturally in this oil, although the refining process results in higher concentrations. The molecular bond of the oil is way stronger if the saturated content is larger. As a result, the loss of viscosity and resistance to breakdown and oxidation will be increased.

Level of Sulfur

Crude oil contains sulfur as a naturally occurring inorganic element. Because it reacts with oxygen, it can have a negative impact on the performance of an engine’s oil. Exhaust following treatment devices might also be harmful. Sulfur has both beneficial and negative features, notwithstanding the unfavorable aspects. In terms of oxidative stability, sulfur is an effective antioxidant. The lower the sulfur level, the less likely corrosion, and oxidation will occur.

Recycled Oil

When it comes to recycling your oil, this refers to taking used oil and running it through a filtration system to remove any insoluble impurities. This won’t remove any chemical contaminants, but removing the physical ones can make it suitable to be burned as fuel or re-used in non-critical systems.
Reconditioned oil is a subcategory of recycled oil, where recycled oil is mixed with additives to help prolong its usable life. Reconditioned oil is typically only good for one-time use, however, and not suitable in automobiles.

Velocity Percentage

The Viscosity Index measures how viscosity changes as a function of temperature. Temperatures of 40°C and also 100°C are used to determine viscosity. The viscosity index measures a substance’s ability to withstand temperature fluctuations. In general, the viscosity of all oils increases when the temperature lowers and reduces when it increases.

Uses of Base Oil

• Motor oil
• Industrial oil
• Lubricating Greases
• Metal processing fluids
• Additives
• Hydraulic Oils
• Transformer Oils
• Motor oil
• Coating
• Medicine
• Paints

Packing of Base Oil

Base oil packed in new or used 180 kg drums, iso tank, flexitanks, and bulk shipments. Each 20-foot container takes 80 drums.

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF VIRGIN BASE OIL SN150

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF VIRGIN BASE OIL SN350

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF VIRGIN BASE OIL SN500

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET OF VIRGIN BASE OIL SN650